British Columbia - Periods - Boom & Bust (1919-1937)  

Schools, Duncan Scott

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Duncan Scott was the Indian Affairs Superintendent for Canada during the late 19th and early 20th century. He implemented a policy of compulsory attendance for Indigenous children at government-funded residential schools. The goal of this policy was to assimilate Indigenous children into European-Canadian culture and to "civilize" them. The policy was widely criticized for its negative impact on Indigenous families and communities, as well as for the abuse and neglect that took place at the residential schools.

One of Scott's most notable policies was the forced removal of Indigenous children from their families and communities and placing them in residential schools. These schools were run by religious organizations and aimed to assimilate Indigenous children into white, European-Canadian culture by teaching them the English language, Christianity and the customs and values of European society. The schools were infamous for the physical, emotional, and sexual abuse of Indigenous children, and the separation from their families and communities caused immense trauma and loss of culture.

Scott's policies also included the restriction of Indigenous peoples' freedom of movement and their ability to practice their own culture and traditions, as well as the imposition of a pass system, which required Indigenous people to obtain permission to leave their reserves.

These policies were part of the broader government policy of cultural genocide of Indigenous people in Canada, which resulted in the loss of language, culture, and traditions, and had a devastating impact on Indigenous communities.

It's important to note that many Indigenous people, organizations, and activists have been advocating for justice and reparations for the harm caused by these policies. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada has also brought attention to these issues and has made several recommendations for addressing the ongoing impacts of residential schools and other government policies.

Timeline

  • 1831: The first residential school for Indigenous children is established in Upper Canada (present-day Ontario).
  • 1879: The Indian Act is passed, which makes attendance at residential schools mandatory for Indigenous children between the ages of 7 and 15.
  • 1883: The government begins to fund the establishment of residential schools across Canada, and the number of schools rapidly increases.
  • 1920s-1930s: The number of Indigenous children attending residential schools reaches its peak, with over 80,000 children enrolled.
  • 1940s-1950s: The Indian Act is amended to make attendance at residential schools voluntary, and enrollment begins to decline.
  • 1996: The last residential school in Canada, the Gordon Indian Residential School in Saskatchewan, closes its doors.
  • 2008: The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada (TRC) is established to investigate the residential school system and its impacts on Indigenous peoples.
  • 2015: The TRC releases its final report, which includes 94 Calls to Action to address the ongoing impacts of residential schools and other government policies on Indigenous peoples.

Culture & Politics

It's important to note that the residential school system is a dark chapter in Canada's history, where Indigenous children were forcibly taken away from their families and communities, and subjected to physical, emotional, and sexual abuse. The TRC report revealed that thousands of Indigenous children died in residential schools, due to disease and neglect.

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Reference: Article by (Staff Historian), 2023

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